← Drug quick-reference

Metformin

Brand: Glucophage

BiguanideUsed for: Type 2 diabetes (first-line)Endocrine & Diabetes
Key warning

Boxed warning: rare but serious lactic acidosis, especially with kidney impairment

Common side effects

  • Diarrhea
  • Nausea
  • Stomach upset
  • Metallic taste
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency (long-term)

Key interactions & cautions

  • Alcohol raises lactic acidosis risk
  • Hold before IV contrast imaging
  • Caution with other drugs affecting kidneys
  • May add to low blood sugar with insulin

Counseling points

  • Take with meals to reduce stomach upset
  • Do not crush extended-release tablets
  • Report muscle pain, weakness, or trouble breathing
  • Limit alcohol
  • Continue diet and exercise
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High-yield study aid for exam prep — not a substitute for the package insert or a pharmacist’s dispensing reference.